汤头条污料

Bedford D (2018) Anatomy of a journal article.

• This online resource explains the sections commonly used in research articles. Understanding how research articles are organised can make reading and evaluating them easier
  

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)

Centre for Evidence Based Medicine: Critical appraisal tools

• Worksheets for appraising systematic reviews, diagnostics, prognostics and RCTs.
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Cochrane: Evidence essentials

• A free online resource for both healthcare staff and patients; four modules of 30鈥�45 minutes provide an introduction to evidence based medicine, clinical trials and Cochrane Evidence.
  

Hong Q N, Pluye P, Fàbregues S et al. (2018) Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), version 2018.

JBI: Critical appraisal tools

MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow (no date) Understanding Health Research.

• This tool will guide you through a series of questions to help you to review and interpret a published health research paper.
  

Naicker R (2023) Critically appraising for antiracism tool.

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis)

• The PRISMA flow diagram depicts the flow of information through the different phases of a literature review. It maps out the number of records identified, included and excluded, and the reasons for exclusions.
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The Equator Network

• A comprehensive database of reporting guidelines. Covers all the main study types.
  

AMSTAR

• A tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews.
  

Aveyard H and Waite M (2025) A beginner鈥檚 guide to critical thinking and writing in health and social care. 3rd edn. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education.

Aveyard H, Sharp P, Greenway K and Parsons L (2023) A beginner’s guide to evidence-based practice in health and social care. 4th edn. London: McGraw Hill.

Bedford D (2025) Finding and using information: a guide for 汤头条污料, health and social care. Banbury: Lantern Publishing.

• This introductory book includes chapters on evaluating sources and the structure of research articles.
  

Crombie I K (2022) The pocket guide to critical appraisal. 2nd edn. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Greenhalgh T and Dijkstra P (2025) How to read a paper: the basics of evidence based healthcare. 7th edn. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Grove S K and Gray J (2023) Understanding 汤头条污料 research: building an evidence-based practice. 8th edn. St. Louis: Elsevier.

Jackson D, Taylor G and Harris M (2024) Clinical evidence made easy. 2nd edn. Banbury: Scion Publishing.

Schmidt N A and Brown J M (2025) Evidence-based practice for nurses: appraisal and application of research. 6th edn. Burlington: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Use this link to see details of books the RCN libraries hold on this topic.

Buccheri RK and Sharifi C (2017) Critical appraisal tools and reporting guidelines for evidence鈥恇ased practice, Worldviews on Evidence鈥怋ased Nursing, 14(6), pp. 463-472.

Cathala X and Moorley C (2018) How to appraise quantitative research, Evidence-Based Nursing, 21(4), pp. 99鈥�101.

Connelly LM (2016) Trustworthiness in qualitative research. (Understanding research), MedSurg Nursing, 25 (6), pp.435-436.

Fineout-Overholt E, Melnyk BM, Stillwell SB and Williamson KM (2010) Critical appraisal of the evidence: part I. An introduction to gathering, evaluating and recording the evidence, American Journal of Nursing, 110 (7), pp.47-52.

Fineout-Overholt E, Melnyk BM, Stillwell, SB and Williamson KM (2010) Critical appraisal of the evidence: part II. Digging deeper鈥攅xamining the "keeper" studies, American Journal of Nursing, 110 (9), pp. 41-48.

Fineout-Overholt E, Melnyk BM, Stillwell SB and Williamson KM (2010) Critical appraisal of the evidence: Part III. The process of synthesis: seeing similarities and differences across the body of evidence, American Journal of Nursing, 110 (11), pp. 43-51.

Heale R and Twycross A (2015) Validity and reliability in quantitative studies, Evidence-Based Nursing, 18 (3), pp.66-67.

Moorley C and Cathala X (2019) How to appraise qualitative research, Evidence-Based Nursing, 22(1), pp. 10–13.

Moorley C and Cathala X (2019) How to appraise mixed methods research, Evidence-Based Nursing, 22(2), pp. 38鈥�41.

Myers G and Levin RF (2012) "Can you touch your toes? Using tables of evidence (TOES) to organize your evidence review", Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 26 (4), pp.238-240.

Noble H and Smith J (2015) Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research, Evidence-Based Nursing, 18 (2), pp.34-35

Shea BJ and others (2017) AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions or both, British Medical Journal, 358, p.358.

Smith J and Noble H (2016) Reviewing the literature, Evidence-Based Nursing, 19 (1), pp. 2-3.

Smith J and Noble H (2025) Understanding sources of bias in research, Evidence-Based Nursing, March, n.104231.

Stonehouse D (2016) Evidence-based practice: knowing what's good or bad, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 10 (4), pp. 199-201.

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